AI Chatbot Effects on Youth Being Investigated by FTC

Federal regulators have asked OpenAI, Meta, Google and others what steps they’re taking to monitor AI chatbot risks to children and teens.

A fact-finding inquiry has been initiated to help federal regulators determine what kinds of dangers, if any, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots may pose to American youth.

According to a resolution (PDF) issued by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on September 10, the agency is requesting that companies offering generative AI companions submit information about their advertising, safety protocols and data handling practices.

Generative AI uses machine learning models trained on vast datasets to create new text, images, audio or video. Unlike traditional AI systems, which analyze existing data or follow rules, generative AI predicts outcomes to generate original content and interact conversationally with users.

Concerns about generative AI have intensified in recent months after several incidents involving dangers that the products may present to youth. Earlier this year, researchers from the Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) discovered that OpenAI’s ChatGPT chatbots were willing in some cases to provide teens with instructions for self-harm, disordered eating, substance abuse and suicide.

In the wake of these findings, a lawsuit was brought against OpenAI, claiming that one of the company’s chatbots helped a teen plan and commit suicide. A separate lawsuit was filed against Character.AI when a generative AI chatbot program designed by that company was accused of exploiting a teenager in such a way that it led to the boy taking his own life.

In a press release issued by the FTC on September 11, the agency indicates that it issued orders to seven different generative AI companies, requiring them to provide information on how they measure, test and monitor any potentially negative impacts their technology may have on teens and children.

The companies included in the FTC order are:

• Alphabet Inc.
• Character Technologies Inc.
• Instagram LLC
• Meta Platforms Inc.
• OpenAI OpCo LLC
• Snap Inc.
• X.AI Corp

The FTC has asked the companies to explain how they monetize engagement, process user inputs, design and approve chatbot characters, and test for harmful effects. Regulators also want details on safeguards for minors, advertising practices, data collection and enforcement of age restrictions.

“As AI technologies evolve, it is important to consider the effects chatbots can have on children, while also ensuring that the United States maintains its role as a global leader in this new and exciting industry. The study we’re launching today will help us better understand how AI firms are developing their products and the steps they are taking to protect children.”

— Andrew N. Ferguson, FTC Chairman

The FTC order has been issued under the agency’s 6(b) authority, which authorizes it to conduct studies that may not have any specific law enforcement purposes. The Commission voted 3-0 to send the orders to all seven companies involved, with Commissioners Melissa Holyoak and Mark R. Meador issuing separate statements.

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